2014년 1월 20일 월요일

Survivorship analysis of 150 consecutive patients with DIAM™ implantation for surgery of lumbar spinal stenosis and disc herniation

Brief review

*Title: Survivorship analysis of 150 consecutive patients with DIAM™ implantation for surgery of lumbar spinal stenosis and disc herniation
요추 협착증과 디스크 탈출증으로 DIAM 이식술을 시행한 150명의 환자에 대한 생존 분석

*Authors: Yoo-Joon Sur, Chae-Gwan Kong, Jong-Beom Park



Background of data
The Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM™) has been introduced for surgery of degenerative lumbar disc diseases.


Purpose
To determine the survivorship of DIAM™ implantation for degenerative lumbar disc diseases and risk factors for reoperation.


Methods
▶Subjects: 150 patients who underwent laminectomy or discectomy with DIAM™ implantation (84 males + 66 females)
Mean age: 46.5 years;
Mean follow-up period: 23 months (range 1–48 months)
Indications: 96 spinal stenosis and 54 disc herniations
Index level: 146 one-level (L4–5: 115/ L5–6: 31) and 4 two-level (L4–5 and L5–6)
Evaluating methods:
1. Kaplan–Meier analysis: To determine the cumulative reoperation rate and survival time
2. The log-rank test and Cox regression model: To evaluate the effect of age, gender, diagnosis, location, and level of DIAM™ implantation

-Reoperations of the DIAM™ implantation level or adjacent levels were defined as a failure and used as the end point for determining survivorship.


Results
Reoperation rate: 4.7% (total 7 patients- only implantation level)

The causes of reoperation:
1. recurrent spinal stenosis (n=3)
2. recurrent disc herniation (n=2)
3. post-laminectomy spondylolisthesis (n=1)
4. delayed deep wound infection (n=1)

The mean time interval (from 1st to 2nd surgery): 13.4 months (range 2–29 months)

Kaplan–Meier analysis: predicted an 8% cumulative reoperation rate 4 years post-operatively.
Survival time was predicted to be 45.6 ± 0.9 months.

In Log-rank test, the reoperation rate: L5–6 > L4–5 (p = 0.002)
two-level > one-level (p = 0.01)

-Gender, age, diagnosis did not significantly affect the reoperation rate of DIAM™ implantation.

-Based on a Cox regression model, L5–6 and two-level DIAM™ implantation were also significant variables associated with a higher reoperation rate.
(L5–6: hazard ratio (HR) 10.3, 95% CI, 1.7–63.0; p = 0.01 / HR, 10.4; 95% CI, 1.2–90.2; p = 0.04)

-Survival time was significantly lower in L5–6 (47 vs. 22 months, p = 0.002) and two-level DIAM™ implantation (46 vs. 18 months, p = 0.01) compared with L4–5 and one-level DIAM™ implantation.


Conclusions
-8% patients who have a DIAM™ implantation for primary lumbar spinal stenosis or disc herniation are expected to undergo reoperation at the same level within 4 years after surgery.


-DIAM™ implantation at L5–6 and two-level are significant risk factors for reoperation.

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